IBD should always be suspected in a young adult without a clear trigger (international travel, etc.) who presents with increased bowel movements, especially if stools are covered with blood and/or patient has associated abdominal pain.

A 24-year-old primigravid woman at 18 weeks’ gestation…

Important to contrast with age-related sicca syndrome, which is present in ~25% of individuals over 65 years old and leads to sensation of dry eyes and/or dry mouth with a negative ANA (if they are feeling generous and give you this information)ĥ.

Mucosal dryness in young or middle-aged woman, especially in one with other autoimmune disease such as this patient (T1DM), should make you think of Sjogren syndrome.

During the past 4 months, a 32-year-old woman has had pain…

Bicuspid aortic valve with stenosis presents as symptomatic AS (syncope, angina, dyspnea) often in a 50-60 year oldĤ.

Asymmetric septal hypertrophy = HOCM = Sudden cardiac death or exertional syncope in young adult.

Young patient who presents with acute signs of heart failure (elevated JVP, bilateral basilar crackles, displaced PMI, S3, lower extremity edema, etc.) most likely represents myocarditis, especially in setting of recent viral URI.

A 27-year old man comes to the physician because of a 1-week history…ĭiffuse hypokinesia and dilation of the ventricles Ovaries not only produce estrogens, but also produce androgens that play a central role in libido (among other things)ģ.A 52-year old woman comes to the physician because… Corticosteroid enemas sometimes used in ulcerative colitisĢ.X-ray of upper GI tract with contrast indicated in setting of suspected malrotation with volvulus (newborn with abdominal pain + bilious vomiting + distention).

In setting of suspected intussusception, next best step is a contrast/air enema which is both therapeutic and diagnostic.

Intussusception often presents in a child 6-36 months old with abdominal pain relieved by drawing knees to the chest +/- bloody diarrhea +/- vomiting.A 14-month-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 14-hour history… Lastly, please check out my Youtube channel ( ) and the “Biostatistics Curriculum” option above for free videos and practice questions reviewing all the essential biostatistics topics covered on NBME exams. I also offer reasonably priced tutoring, so please reach out using the Tutoring menu option listed above if you would like personalized support.įurthermore, I offer personal statement and application review services for residency applicants, so please reach out using the “Residency Advising and Application Preparation” menu option above if interested. However, given multiple email requests, I will post my Venmo if you want to send a few dollars to show your support for the website. These answer explanations are and always will be free.

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